- When the Fairway Becomes a Courtroom: Recent Legal Cases Highlight Golf Course Safety Risks.
Golf is often celebrated for its tranquility and low-impact nature, but recent legal cases reveal that the sport is not without its hazards. From golf cart accidents to falling trees, these incidents have led to significant legal repercussions for golf courses and operators. This article explores recent cases that underscore the importance of safety protocols and legal accountability in the golfing world.
Fatal Golf Cart Collision in South Carolina
In October 2023, a tragic incident occurred at Diamondback Golf Course in Loris, South Carolina, when 90-year-old Austin Gormley was struck by a course-owned golf cart operated by an employee. Gormley suffered multiple pelvic fractures and a closed head injury, leading to his death six weeks later. The golf course reached a $475,000 settlement with Gormley’s estate in January 2025, highlighting the serious consequences of on-course vehicle accidents.
Golfer Struck by Cart in Virginia
A 47-year-old golfer in Virginia was walking down the fairway when he was hit from behind by a battery-powered golf cart operated by an individual distracted by their cell phone. The golfer sustained severe ankle injuries requiring multiple surgeries and faced the prospect of future procedures.
The case was settled for $1.325 million, emphasizing the dangers of distracted driving, even on the golf course.
Sinkhole Accident at Virginia Golf Course
At Ford’s Colony Country Club in Williamsburg, Virginia, a golfer stepped into a concealed sinkhole adjacent to a cart path, resulting in a fractured ankle. Despite the area being marked with a faded white line, there were no stakes or warnings to indicate the hazard. A jury awarded the injured golfer $442,000, underscoring the responsibility of golf courses to maintain safe grounds and adequately warn of potential dangers.
Tree Collapse Leads to $9.1 Million Verdict in Pennsylvania
In a devastating incident, a large tree fell on a golfer at a Montgomery County country club in Pennsylvania, resulting in fatal injuries. The tree had visible signs of decay, and the club had been previously advised to assess and manage such hazards. The jury awarded $9.1 million in damages to the victim’s family, highlighting the critical need for regular maintenance and safety assessments of natural elements on golf courses.
Falling Tree Incident in Ohio
During a charity golf outing at Mill Creek Golf Course in Boardman, Ohio, a large tree fell onto a golf cart, killing golfer Brian Constantini and injuring his brother-in-law. The lawsuit filed alleges negligence in the maintenance of the course’s forestry, claiming that the tree had not been properly inspected or removed despite previous severe weather conditions. The case is ongoing, with the plaintiffs seeking damages for wrongful death and emotional distress.
Spectator Injured by Golf Ball in Ireland
At the West of Ireland amateur golf championship, a spectator was knocked unconscious after being hit by an errant golf ball. The spectator sued the golfer and event organizers, alleging negligence for not shouting a warning. The High Court dismissed the case, citing that the spectator was not paying attention and was responsible for his own safety. The appeal was later withdrawn, illustrating the complexities of liability in sports events.
Conclusion
These cases serve as stark reminders that golf courses must prioritize safety and maintenance to protect players, staff, and spectators. Implementing rigorous safety protocols, conducting regular inspections, and ensuring clear communication can mitigate risks and prevent tragedies. As the legal landscape evolves, golf course operators must remain vigilant to uphold their duty of care and avoid Certainly.
- When the Green Turns Grey: Golf Course
Injuries and Legal Accountability.
Golf is revered for its grace, etiquette, and low-impact play. But beneath the calm surface of manicured fairways and scenic tee boxes lies a growing concern—injuries and incidents that result in legal disputes. While not as highrisk as contact sports, golf presents unique hazards that, under the wrong circumstances, can lead to litigation involving players, clubs, and course operators.
Understanding the Legal Terrain
Injuries on the golf course often fall under the legal doctrines of negligence and premises liability. When someone is injured, the core legal questions become:
- Was there a duty of care owed to the injured person?
- Was that duty breached?
- Did the breach directly cause the injury?
Courts also consider whether the injured party assumed the risk of the activity. However, that defense has limits—particularly when injuries result from unreasonable hazards or reckless behavior. Let’s explore how these issues play out in real courtrooms.
Case #1: A Slice Too Close for Comfort Shin v. Ahn (2007, California Supreme Court)
In this high-profile case, a golfer hit a shot while his playing partner stood ahead and to the side—without a proper warning. The ball struck the partner in the head, causing serious injury. The court ruled that while golfers assume certain risks, striking someone without warning—when they are within range—is outside the boundaries of assumed risk. The golfer was found liable for negligence.
Legal takeaway: Players must exercise care and issue warnings when there is a foreseeable risk of harm.
Case #2: Trouble in the Clubhouse
Potter v. Detroit Golf Club (Michigan, 2012)
A guest at a private club slipped on a wet marble floor near the clubhouse restroom. The court found the club failed to provide adequate signage or drying mats, and the hazard was not considered “open and obvious.” The injured party received a settlement for medical expenses and pain and suffering.
Legal takeaway: Golf facilities must maintain safe premises and provide clear warnings about known or foreseeable hazards—even indoors.
Case #3: Cart Catastrophe
Huffman v. Westmoore Golf Club (Ohio, 2005)
In this case, a golfer was injured when a cart rolled over due to a steep, poorly maintained slope on the path. The court sided with the plaintiff, citing inadequate maintenance and lack of signage, and awarded damages for the club’s negligence in maintaining a safe environment.
Legal takeaway: Golf courses can be held responsible for poorly designed or maintained cart paths and terrain.
What Can Be Done?
For Golf Course Operators:
- Inspect regularly: Keep paths, greens, and facilities hazard-free.
- Post warnings: Clearly mark steep slopes, wet floors, and restricted zones.
- Train staff: Ensure employees can respond to emergencies promptly.
- Document incidents: Maintain detailed records of any injuries or accidents.
For Players:
- Be alert: Watch for errant shots, steep terrain, or course maintenance work.
- Communicate: Warn others before taking risky shots.
- Use carts safely: Follow posted speed limits and avoid steep or wet areas.
- Report hazards: Let course management know if you spot a dangerous condition.
Final Thoughts
Golf’s spirit of fair play and personal responsibility doesn’t exempt it from legal scrutiny. As these real-life cases show, even a day on the links can turn litigious when carelessness or neglect enters the picture. Whether you’re a golfer, a course owner, or a club manager, knowing the legal landscape of liability and risk management is just as essential as knowing the rules of the game.
Because at the end of the day, avoiding the courtroom is always a better score than par.
Justice Mohammad Ullah
Supreme Court of Bangladesh
